Ministry of General Machine-Building

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ministry of General Machine-Building
Министерство общего машиностроения СССР

Buran at the 1989 Paris Air Show
Agency overview
Formed
  • 2 April 1955; 69 years ago (1955-04-02) (initially)
  • 2 March 1965; 59 years ago (1965-03-02) (reestablished)
Preceding agency
  • State Commission of Defense Technology[1]
Dissolved
  • 10 May 1957; 67 years ago (1957-05-10) (initially)
  • 14 November 1991; 32 years ago (1991-11-14) (permanently)
Superseding agency
JurisdictionSoviet Union
Employees1000000-1500000[2][3]
Minister responsible
  • Minister of General Machine-Building
Child agency

The Ministry of General Machine-Building (MOM; Russian: Министерство общего машиностроения СССР, also known as Minobshchemash) was a government ministry of the Soviet Union which supervised the research, development, and production of strategic ballistic missiles as well as space launch vehicles and satellites in the Soviet space program.[5]

History[edit]

The first rendition of the Ministry of General Machine-Building was created by a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on 2 April 1955,[6][7] with the active participation of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.[8][9] Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service Pyotr Nikolaevich Goremykin [ru], who had held the post of Minister of Agricultural Engineering from June 1946 to March 1951, was appointed Minister of General Machine-Building.[10][11][12] It was dissolved on 10 May 1957 and its functions were relocated, possibly for purposes of secrecy.[13]

The Ministry of General Machine-Building was reestablished by the provisions of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers no. 126–47 on 2 March 1965, as a successor to the State Committee on Defense Technology.[1] Leonid Ivanovich Gusev [ru] was made Deputy Minister while Vladimir Chelomey[14] was the general designer of rocket technology.[15] The ministry was put in charge of space technology as well as strategic ballistic missiles, except solid-fueled missiles; these instead were developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology, which from 1966 was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense Industry.[5][16]

The ministry served as one of the primary organizations managing the Soviet space program, controlling roughly 1200 factories at its peak.[3] However, contrary to its American, European, and Chinese competitors, which had their programs run under a single coordinating agency, the executive architecture of the Soviet space program was multi-centered; several internally competing design bureaus, technical councils, ministry staffs, and expert commissions all held more influence over the program than political leadership. The creation of a central agency after the reorganization of the Soviet Union into the Russian Federation was therefore a new development. The Ministry of General Machine-Building was dissolved on 14 November 1991.[5][17] The Russian Space Agency[note 1] was formed as its successor on 25 February 1992 by a decree of President Yeltsin. Yuri Koptev, who had previously worked with designing Mars landers at NPO Lavochkin, became the first director of the agency, which would eventually become Roscosmos.[18][19]

List of ministers[edit]

The Ministry of General Machine-Building had five ministers during its existence, one being from its first incarnation and the other four being from its second incarnation:[12][20][21]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Russian: Российское космическое агентство, Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo, or RKA (Russian: РКА).

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "General Machinebuilding - Background". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Бывший министр общего машиностроения СССР Олег Бакланов". Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
  3. ^ a b "Космическая отрасль – это «не кафе быстрого обслуживания»". Archived from the original on 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2016-04-29.
  4. ^ Andrews, James T.; Siddiqi, Asif A. (2011). Into the Cosmos: Space Exploration and Soviet Culture. University of Pittsburgh Pre. ISBN 9780822977469. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  5. ^ a b c "Ministry of General Machine-building of USSR (MOM)". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  6. ^ "2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР»". Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  7. ^ Вертикальная структура: как реорганизуется космическая отрасль России Archived 30 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine // АиФ
  8. ^ Жорес Алферов: заметки о роли РАН в современной России Archived 2 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine // РИА
  9. ^ Академик Жорес Алфёров: «Нашей науке нужна философия развития» Archived 16 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine // file-rf.ru
  10. ^ Фронтовой дневник авторы Евгений Петров
  11. ^ "Первый министр «космического министерства»". Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
  12. ^ a b "Горемыкин Пётр Николаевич МГТУ имени Баумана". Archived from the original on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  13. ^ "Человек, создавший космическую связь". Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
  14. ^ "Умер один из основателей ракетно-космической промышленности России Леонид Гусев". Archived from the original on 2016-05-07. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  15. ^ "Владимир Челомей, советский ученый, конструктор ракетной техники". Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  16. ^ "Московский институт теплотехники (МИТ)". Газета "Коммерсантъ". 7 June 2011. p. 4. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  17. ^ Полвека без Королёва Archived 28 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine // zavtra.ru
  18. ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). "The design bureaus". The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (1st ed.). Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
  19. ^ "25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос)". Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  20. ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1917-1964". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  21. ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1964-1991". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_General_Machine-Building&oldid=1226811779"