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Psychology is the study of mind and behavior . Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts , feelings , and motives . Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences . Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience . As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups.
A professional practitioner or researcher involved in the discipline is called a psychologist . Some psychologists can also be classified as behavioral or cognitive scientists . Some psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior . Others explore the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists are involved in research on perception , cognition , attention , emotion , intelligence , subjective experiences , motivation , brain functioning , and personality . Psychologists' interests extend to interpersonal relationships , psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas within social psychology . They also consider the unconscious mind. Research psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . Some, but not all, clinical and counseling psychologists rely on symbolic interpretation . (Full article... )
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death . Mental disorders (including depression , bipolar disorder , schizophrenia , personality disorders , anxiety disorders , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , cognitive disengagement syndrome ), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome ), and substance abuse (including alcoholism and the use of and withdrawal from benzodiazepines ) are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress (such as from financial or academic difficulties ), relationship problems (such as breakups or divorces ), or harassment and bullying . Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts. Effective suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to methods of suicide such as firearms , drugs, and poisons; treating mental disorders and substance abuse; careful media reporting about suicide; improving economic conditions; and dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Although crisis hotlines are common resources, their effectiveness has not been well studied.
The most commonly adopted
method of suicide varies from country to country and is partly related to the availability of effective means. Common methods of suicide include
hanging ,
pesticide poisoning , and firearms. Suicides resulted in 828,000 deaths globally in 2015, an increase from 712,000 deaths in 1990.
[inconsistent ] This makes suicide the 10th
leading cause of death worldwide. (
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"Loneliness is a barrier that prevents one from uniting with the inner self." — Carl Rogers
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Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( SORR -ən KEER -kə-gard , -gor , Danish: [ˈsɶːɐn ˈɔˀˌpyˀ ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌkɒˀ] ⓘ ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish theologian, philosopher , poet, social critic , and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion , Christianity , morality , ethics , psychology , and the philosophy of religion , displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony , and parables . Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics who defined idealist intellectuals and philosophers of his time, and thought that Swedenborg , Hegel , Fichte , Schelling , Schlegel , and Hans Christian Andersen were all "understood" far too quickly by "scholars."
Kierkegaard's theological work focuses on
Christian ethics , the
institution of the Church , the differences between purely objective
proofs of Christianity , the
infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual's subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus the
Christ , which came through faith. Much of his work deals with
Christian love . He was extremely critical of the doctrine and practice of Christianity as a state-controlled religion (
Caesaropapism ) like the
Church of Denmark . His psychological work explored the
emotions and
feelings of individuals when faced with life choices. Opposite
Jean-Paul Sartre and the
atheistic existentialism paradigm, Kierkegaard focused on
Christian existentialism . (
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... that although Andrzej Żuławski 's film Possession is referred to as a psychological drama and horror, its genre is still a matter of controversy?
... that Fortnite 's Tilted Towers was described by critics as the equivalent of "psychological torture" and being "dropped into a meat grinder"?
... that fashion psychology is an interdisciplinary field that studies the interaction between human behavior, psychology, and fashion?
... that Angéline de Montbrun by Laure Conan is the first psychological novel written by a French Canadian?
... that the first day of filming of the psychological thriller Farah coincided with the beginning of the 2019 Lebanese protests ?
... that Susan Silk developed ring theory when a colleague said that Silk's breast cancer wasn't just about her?
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